The BigCode community, an open-scientific collaboration working on the responsible development of Large Language Models for Code (Code LLMs), introduces StarCoder and StarCoderBase: 15.5B parameter models with 8K context length, infilling capabilities and fast large-batch inference enabled by multi-query attention. StarCoderBase is trained on 1 trillion tokens sourced from The Stack, a large collection of permissively licensed GitHub repositories with inspection tools and an opt-out process. We fine-tuned StarCoderBase on 35B Python tokens, resulting in the creation of StarCoder. We perform the most comprehensive evaluation of Code LLMs to date and show that StarCoderBase outperforms every open Code LLM that supports multiple programming languages and matches or outperforms the OpenAI code-cushman-001 model. Furthermore, StarCoder outperforms every model that is fine-tuned on Python, can be prompted to achieve 40% pass@1 on HumanEval, and still retains its performance on other programming languages. We take several important steps towards a safe open-access model release, including an improved PII redaction pipeline and a novel attribution tracing tool, and make the StarCoder models publicly available under a more commercially viable version of the Open Responsible AI Model license.
@misc{li:starcoder,
title="{StarCoder}: may the source be with you!",
author="Raymond Li and Loubna Ben Allal and Yangtian Zi and
Niklas Muennighoff and Denis Kocetkov and Chenghao Mou and
Marc Marone and Christopher Akiki and Jia Li and Jenny Chim and
Qian Liu and Evgenii Zheltonozhskii and Terry Yue Zhuo and
Thomas Wang and Olivier Dehaene and Mishig Davaadorj and
Joel Lamy-Poirier and João Monteiro and Oleh Shliazhko and
Nicolas Gontier and Nicholas Meade and Armel Zebaze and
Ming-Ho Yee and Logesh Kumar Umapathi and Jian Zhu and
Benjamin Lipkin and Muhtasham Oblokulov and Zhiruo Wang and
Rudra Murthy and Jason Stillerman and Siva Sankalp Patel and
Dmitry Abulkhanov and Marco Zocca and Manan Dey and Zhihan Zhang and
Nour Fahmy and Urvashi Bhattacharyya and Wenhao Yu and
Swayam Singh and Sasha Luccioni and Paulo Villegas and
Maxim Kunakov and Fedor Zhdanov and Manuel Romero and Tony Lee and
Nadav Timor and Jennifer Ding and Claire Schlesinger and
Hailey Schoelkopf and Jan Ebert and Tri Dao and Mayank Mishra and
Alex Gu and Jennifer Robinson and Carolyn Jane Anderson and
Brendan Dolan-Gavitt and Danish Contractor and Siva Reddy and
Daniel Fried and Dzmitry Bahdanau and Yacine Jernite and
Carlos Muñoz Ferrandis and Sean Hughes and Thomas Wolf and
Arjun Guha and Leandro von Werra and Harm de Vries",
year=2023,
}